This experiment investigated the frames of reference used in memory to represent the
spatial structure of a large-scale outdoor environment. Participants learned the locations of …

This chapter summarizes a new theory of spatial memory. According to the theory, when
people learn the locations of objects in a new environment, they interpret the spatial …

Adults were asked to judge the self-to-object directions in a room from novel points of
observation that differed from their actual point at times only by a rotation and at other times …

We examined how a highly familiar environmental space—one's city of residence—is
represented in memory. Twenty-six participants faced a photo-realistic virtual model of their …

Two experiments investigated the role of spatial prototypes in estimates of location. In
Experiment 1 (N= 144), children and adults learned the locations of 20 objects in an open …

In 4 experiments, the authors investigated spatial updating in a familiar environment.
Participants learned locations of objects in a room, walked to the center, and turned to …

Three experiments tested whether geometric biases--biases away from perceived reference
axes--reported in spatial recall tasks with pointing responses generalized to a recognition …

The effect of a large stationary landmark on memory for the location of a stationary target
was examined. Memory for a stationary target was displaced toward the landmark, and …

When normally sighted people observe a natural scene, their perceptions include seeing the
supporting ground surface and the arrangements of the objects on that surface: where each …

Past research (eg, JM Loomis, Y. Lippa, RL Klatzky, & RG Golledge, 2002) has indicated
that spatial representations derived from spatial language can function equivalently to those …