Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission through D2 receptors (DRD2) has been implicated in the
regulation of reward processing, cognition and the effects of drugs of abuse, and also has …

We found that development of obesity was coupled with emergence of a progressively
worsening deficit in neural reward responses. Similar changes in reward homeostasis …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons perform diverse functions in
motivation and cognition, but their precise roles in addiction-related behaviors are still …

Dopaminergic neurotransmission has been implicated in reward-related learning. With the
advent of pharmacological agents that are relatively specific for D1 and D2 dopamine …

Compulsive behavior is a defining feature of disorders such as substance use disorders.
Current evidence suggests that corticostriatal circuits control the expression of established …

A neutral stimulus can acquire conditioned rewarding properties through association with an
intrinsically rewarding stimulus. The acquisition of responding for conditioned rewards …

While weight gain is clearly promoted by excessive energy intake and reduced expenditure,
the underlying neural mechanisms of energy balance remain unclear. The nucleus …

Behaviours such as eating, copulating, defending oneself or taking addictive drugs begin
with a motivation to initiate the behaviour. Both this motivational drive and the behaviours …

Dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain are the main source of dopamine (DA) in the brain.
DA has been shown to be involved in the control of movements, the signaling of error in …

Drug dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder in which compulsive drug-seeking and
drug-taking behaviours persist despite serious negative consequences. Addictive …