Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of mortality in women and in men. 1, 2
However, gender differences in the clinical presentation of cardiovascular diseases have …

Sex Bias Is Increasingly Prevalent in Preclinical Cardiovascular Research: Implications for
Translational Medicine and Health Equity for Women | Circulation Science Volunteer Warning …

Pharmacogenetics is the search for heritable genetic polymorphisms that influence
responses to drug therapy. The most important application of pharmacogenetics is to guide …

Individualization of drug therapy requires that the right drug be administered at the correct
dose to patients who are likely to achieve the highest benefit and lowest risk. Female sex …

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and
morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including …

Sex differences observed in the adverse effects associated with psychotropic drugs have not
been reported consistently in the literature. In this review, we discuss the current published …

Sex is a key risk factor for many types of cardiovascular disease. It is imperative to
understand the mechanisms underlying sex differences to devise optimal preventive and …

Earlier research has presumed that the male and female biology is similar in most organs
except the reproductive system, leading to major misconceptions in research interpretations …

Ethnicity is reported to be an important, but often ignored factor in psychopharmacology.
However, recent advances in molecular biology and the vision of'personalised …

In the last decades, both animal and human studies have neglected female subjects with the
aim of evading a theorized intricacy of feminine hormonal status. However, clinical …