The influence of route angularity on the spatial orientation of pedestrians navigating in an
urban field setting was examined. Sixty pedestrians were stopped at one of three locations …

This article presents an experiment in which route choice decisions made at road junctions
are recorded. Such routes can be expressed as the sum of individual decisions made or …

This study examined the types and locations of objects selected as landmarks by people
walking unfamiliar routes, and the effects of people's sense of direction. Selected landmarks …

Cognitive representation of the overall layout of an environment provides information about
the relative location of fixed sites in the setting which can be used for orientation purposes …

This study identified self-reported strategies for indoor wayfinding, and examined their
correlation with strategies previously identified for outdoor wayfinding. Relationships of …

An experiment is reported which tested the relation of sex (male, female) and self-reported
sense of direction (good, poor) to spatial orientation ability, when walking or driving through …

When planning a route we usually study a map, ask other people for verbal directions, or
use a route planner. Which source of information is most helpful? This experiment …

Route directions describe the sequence of actions a moving person needs to take to reach a
goal in an environment. When generating directions, speakers not only specify what to do …

Much of the literature on human spatial cognition and language in large-scale environments
has been based on 'simplified'grid-pattern layouts with orthogonal intersections and parallel …

While numerous studies have investigated environmental influencc on wayfinding
performance, few rc-scarches have investigated wayfinding bchavior in cascs with inter-floor …