In organic semiconductors, the hole and electron transport occurs through the intermolecular
overlaps of highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular …

This article describes the origins of the width of the highest occupied molecular orbital
(HOMO) state observed in the ultraviolet photoemission spectra (UPS) of thin organic …

We summarize both historical and recent challenges on angle-resolved and high-energy
resolution ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) of organic thin films. Topics selected …

This chapter describes fundamental aspects of electronic structure of organic
semiconductors and the method to bridge the electronic structure and electrical property …

Interpreting experimental spectra of thin films of organic semiconductors is challenging, and
understanding the relationship between experimental data obtained by different …

The field of organic electronics has been of widespread interest for a long time. Over the
years, device efficiencies increased steadily due to the development of new materials, as …

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy was performed on phthalocyanine samples in the
gas phase and as thin vapor-deposited solid films. The results are compared to those of …

Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we show measurements of energy level alignment of
organic semiconducting layers. The main focus is on the properties and the influence of …

Although a great deal of research has been conducted on the electrical properties of organic
devices, numerous crucial problems still remain. Of these, the study of charge mobility in …

Conspectus In the past two decades, organic materials have been extensively investigated
by numerous research groups worldwide for implementation in organic photovoltaic (OPV) …