ABSTRACT Objective: Interleukin (IL)-33 is involved in the development of lung
inflammation by inducing or amplifying Th2 type-mediated responses in various animal …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential in asthma airway remodeling. IL-33
from epithelial cells is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. CD146 has been extensively explored …

Objectives. The characteristic pathophysiological feature of acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS) is a dysregulated inflammatory response. T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the …

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is
presumed to be central to the altered responsiveness to recurrent infection in these patients …

IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T (Th1) cells and IL-17-producing CD4+ T (Th17) cells play a critical
role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the …

IL-13 is a central mediator of airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus expression, both
hallmarks of asthma. IL-13 is found in the sputum of patients with asthma; therefore, IL-13 is …

IL-33 and IL-1RL1 are well-replicated asthma genes that act in a single pathway toward type-
2 immune responses. IL-33 is expressed by basal epithelial cells, and the release of IL-33 …

IL− 33 was recently identified as an IL− 1 family member and the functional ligand of the
T1/ST2 receptor. T1/ST2 is an important regulator of Th2− type responses, which suggests …

Both interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25 induce Th2 cytokine production by various cell types,
suggesting that they contribute to development of allergic disorders. However, the precise …

Background IL‐33 is clearly expressed in the airway of patients with asthma, but its role in
asthma has not yet been fully understood. IL‐17 F is also involved in the pathogenesis of …