INTRODUCTION: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the kidney and a major part of the body burden
occurs here. Cd in urine (U-Cd) and blood (B-Cd) are widely-used biomarkers for assessing …

Background: Associations between cadmium (Cd) and kidney function have been reported
even at low levels of exposure in the general population. Recently, the causality of these …

Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential toxic metal which is widely distributed in the environment.
The general population is exposed to low levels of Cd and the kidney is the organ most …

The primary objective of this study was to develop dose-response relationships of cadmium
in human beings. In vivo measurements of kidney, liver, urine, and blood cadmium, and …

Background Associations of proteinuria with low-level urinary cadmium (Cd) are currently
interpreted as the sign of renal dysfunction induced by Cd. Few studies have considered the …

Cadmium (Cd) is a cumulative element with a biological half-life of> 10 years in humans.
The total amount of Cd accumulated in the liver and in the kidney can be measured in vivo …

Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both
in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing …

Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are widespread environmental
contaminants that are known nephrotoxins. However, their nephrotoxic effects at low …

Background: The current risk assessment for environmental cadmium (Cd) largely relies on
the assumption that urinary Cd (U-Cd) is a reliable biomarker of the Cd body burden. Recent …

The cadmium concentration in liver (CdL) and in kidney is measured in vivo by neutron
capture γ-ray analysis in 309 male workers occupied in two Belgian zinc-cadmium plants. At …