Conjugation, the process by which plasmid DNA is transferred from one bacterium to
another, is mediated by type IV secretion systems (T4SSs). T4SSs are versatile systems that …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) translocate DNA and protein substrates to
bacterial or eukaryotic target cells generally by a mechanism dependent on direct cell-to-cell …

Bacterial conjugation, a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer, is the major means by which
antibiotic resistance spreads among bacteria (1, 2). Conjugative plasmids are transferred …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse superfamily of
secretion systems found in many species of bacteria. Collectively, the T4SSs translocate …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are large multisubunit translocons, found in both gram-
negative and gram-positive bacteria and in some archaea. These systems transport a …

Type IV secretory systems are transmembrane bacterial multiprotein complexes. They are
pivotal for conjugation, bacterial-induced plant tumour formation, toxin secretion and …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are large protein complexes which traverse the cell
envelope of many bacteria. They contain a channel through which proteins or protein–DNA …

Conjugation is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic materials in a unidirectional
manner from a donor cell to a recipient cell. The discovery of conjugation signalled the dawn …

In gram-negative bacteria, secretion of macromolecules across the two membranes takes
place using diverse macromolecular transport assemblies, from simple one-component …