Prominent piano pedagogues present co-contraction as being potentially injurious while
playing the instrument. However, maintaining proper arm posture requires co-contraction …

Musculoskeletal injuries of the forearm, wrist, and hand are a significant problem for pianists.
Approximately 60% of piano players experience playing-related injuries at some point in …

The purpose of this study was to examine how expert pianists use wrist flexion and
extension (F/E) motions during various representative musical tasks (eg, trills, octaves …

Muscle fatigue is considered as a risk factor for developing playing-related muscular
disorders among professional pianists and could affect musical performance. This study …

Background and objectives Professional pianists tend to develop playing-related
musculoskeletal disorders mostly in the forearm. These injuries are often due to overuse …

Purpose Long-term piano training may induce potential biochemical and structural
adaptations in hand intrinsic muscles or alter the motor strategy in the nervous systems …

During fatiguing piano tasks, muscle fatigue develops differently between expert pianists.
Differences in neuromotor strategies employed could explain a slower rate of fatigue …

Abstract Evidence indicates that 30-60% of professional piano players suffer from pain and
playingrelated injuries at some point in their career. Most piano teachers emphasize the …

Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in pianists can lead to the cessation of
performance-related activities. A better understanding of the impact of performance …

During fatiguing piano tasks, muscle fatigue develops differently between expert pianists.
Differences in neuromotor strategies employed could explain a slower rate of fatigue …