• Premise of the study: Separating sexual function between different individuals carries risks,
especially for sedentary organisms. Nevertheless, many land plants have unisexual …

Dioecy, the coexistence of separate male and female individuals in a population, is a rare
but phylogenetically widespread sexual system in flowering plants. While research has …

Background and Aims About 6% of an estimated total of 240 000 species of angiosperms
are dioecious. The main precursors of this sexual system are thought to be monoecy and …

Sexual system is a key determinant of genetic variation and reproductive success, affecting
evolution within populations and within clades. Much research in plants has focused on …

Despite the extensive research on the potential benefits of dioecy to individuals, little is
known about the long-term success of dioecious lineages in relation to their hermaphroditic …

Among dioecious flowering plants, females and males often differ in a range of
morphological, physiological, and life-history traits. This is referred to as sexual dimorphism …

In many angiosperm species, populations are reproductively subdivided into distinct sexual
morphs including females, males and hermaphrodites. Sexual polymorphism is maintained …

Charles Darwin recognized that flowering plants have an unrivalled diversity of sexual
systems. Determining the ecological and genetic factors that govern sexual diversification in …

Background The 'gynodioecy–dioecy pathway'is considered to be one of the most important
evolutionary routes from hermaphroditism to separate sexes (dioecy). Despite a large …

Since Darwin's time and the publication of The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the
Same Species (1877), there has been continuing interest in understanding the complex but …