Most drugs are taken orally. For those intended to act systemically, a significant fraction of
the dose can be eliminated during its first passage through a sequence of organs before …

Successful delivery of promising new chemical entities via the oral route is rife with
challenges, some of which cannot be explained or foreseen during drug development …

Grapefruit juice produces mechanism‐based inhibition of intestinal drug metabolism when
consumed in normal quantities. This can produce clinically important increases in oral drug …

More than a decade has passed since it was unintentionally discovered that grapefruit juice
interacts with certain drugs. The coadministration of these drugs with grapefruit juice can …

Grapefruit juice elevates blood levels of some drugs taken orally, primarily by inhibiting
intestinal CYP3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism. Two prominent furanocoumarins in the …

Serious drug‐drug interactions have contributed to recent US market withdrawals and also
recent nonapprovals of a few new molecular entities. Many of these interactions involved the …

Dietary habits are an important modifiable environmental factor influencing human health
and disease. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that regular consumption of fruits and …

Concomitant administration of grapefruit juice can increase the plasma concentration of
numerous drugs in humans and decrease the concentration of a few others. Such elevations …

CME sequently, CYP3A4 activity in the small intestine is impaired until de novo synthesis
returns the enzyme to its previous level. This mechanism explains the important clinical …

Food–drug interaction studies are critical to evaluate appropriate dosing, timing, and
formulation of new drug candidates. These interactions often reflect prandial-associated …