BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine
linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer …

Background and aims Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a strong predictor of
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality found to be both marker and target of impaired …

Objective Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine that is
increased in obesity and established type 2 diabetes. We assessed whether GDF-15 can …

Objective Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a cardiovascular biomarker belonging
to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Increased GDF15 concentrations are …

Introduction Laboratory studies suggest an involvement of growth differentiation factor 15
(GDF-15) in metabolic dysregulation. However, the utility of GDF-15 for assessing risk of …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is cytokine involved in the regulation of
multiple systems. Because it has regularly been shown to be increased in cardiovascular …

Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly
expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine, which
belongs to super family of the transforming growth factor beta. GDF-15 is widely presented in …

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is expressed and secreted in
response to inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, telomere erosion, and oncogene …

Obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disease. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)
has shown promise as a weight loss agent for obesity in animal studies. In healthy lean …