During evolution, living organisms develop a specialized apparatus called nociceptors to
sense their environment and avoid hazardous situations. Intense stimulation of high …

Persistent or chronic pain is the primary reason people seek medical care, yet current
therapies are either inadequate for certain types of pain or cause intolerable side effects …

Pathological pain, consisting of tissue injury-induced inflammatory and nerve injury-induced
neuropathic pain, is an expression of neuronal plasticity. One component of this is that the …

There are two basic categories of pain: physiological pain, which serves an important
protective function, and pathological pain, which can have a major negative impact on …

Investigation of the basic mechanisms of chronic pain not only provides insights into how the
brain processes and modulates sensory information but also provides the basis for …

Clinical pain is a serious public health issue. Treatment of pain-related suffering requires
knowledge of how pain signals are initially interpreted and subsequently transmitted and …

Chronic pain is a disabling disease with limited treatment options. While animal models
have revealed important aspects of pain neurobiology, therapeutic translation of this …

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief introduction to the anatomy and physiology
of pain pathways from peripheral nociceptors to central nervous system areas involved in …

The physiopathology and neurotransmission of pain are of an owe inspiring complexity. Our
ability to satisfactorily suppress neuropathic or other forms of chronic pain is limited. The …

Conditioned pain modulation is a powerful analgesic mechanism, occurring when a painful
stimulus is inhibited by a second painful stimulus delivered at a different body location …