Perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, including depletion of Ca 2+ or
altered redox status, induce ER stress due to protein accumulation, misfolding and …

In homeostasis, cellular processes are in a dynamic equilibrium. Perturbation of
homeostasis causes stress. In this review I summarize how perturbation of three major …

The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress response constitutes a cellular process that is
triggered by a variety of conditions that disturb folding of proteins in the ER. Eukaryotic cells …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular site of newly synthesized secretory and
membrane proteins. Such proteins must be properly folded and posttranslationally modified …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first
compartment of the secretory pathway. As such, the ER contributes to the production and …

Stress pathways monitor intracellular systems and deploy a range of regulatory mechanisms
in response to stress. One of the best-characterized pathways, the UPR (unfolded protein …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a common feature of several physiological and
pathological conditions affecting the function of the secretory pathway. To restore ER …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle of fundamental importance
present in all eukaryotic cells. The majority of synthesized structural and secreted proteins …

One of the early cellular responses to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the activation of
the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress and the UPR are both implicated in …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main
functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the …