Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-
related death in women worldwide. It also exhibits pronounced racial disparities in terms of …

Each ovarian cycle, the mammary gland epithelium rotates through a sequence of
hormonally regulated cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These studies …

The mammary gland is a unique organ that undergoes hormone-driven developmental
changes over the course of the ovarian cycle during adult life. Macrophages play a role in …

The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecology of cells that evolves with and provides
support to tumor cells during the transition to malignancy. Among the innate and adaptive …

Recent insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development
have revealed that immune cells functionally regulate epithelial cancer development and …

Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women.
Treatment options include immunotherapy where elements of the immune system are used …

Introduction: Numerous clinical and pre-clinical studies have provided ample evidence
supporting that the tumor microenvironment plays a significant role during breast cancer …

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system involved in critical activities such as
maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. Pro-inflammatory macrophages …

Tumor progression and the immune response are intricately linked. While it is known that
cancers alter macrophage inflammatory responses to promote tumor progression, little is …

Macrophages are phagocytic sentinel cells of the immune system that are central to both
innate and adaptive immune responses and serve as the first line of defense against …