The diagnosis and treatment of glomerular diseases are now based primarily on clinical
manifestations, urinary protein excretion levels and renal histology. Renal biopsy is an …

Renal biopsy remains the gold standard test for definitive diagnosis of glomerular diseases.
This invasive procedure; however, has a potential risk for serious complications and is …

Noninvasive diagnosis of kidney diseases and assessment of the prognosis are still
challenges in clinical nephrology. Definition of biomarkers on the basis of proteome …

The strong need for the discovery of novel disease markers together with the development of
high-throughput techniques that provide highly sensitive analysis of protein content in …

The application of urine proteomics is a useful approach to the study of the proteins involved
in healthy and diseased kidneys and may provide a noninvasive approach to assess …

Urine is a biological material that can be easily obtained in the clinic. The identification of
proteins excreted in urine provides useful biological information about the kidney as well as …

Many challenges exist with disease-state biomarker identification. These challenges include
sample heterogeneity, poorly designed sample sets, insufficient numbers of samples, as …

In this article, the benefits of urinary proteomics in comparison with kidney biopsy are
discussed. The majority of urinary proteins are generated by the kidney, hence the urinary …

Proteomics is a rapidly advancing technique which gives functional insight into gene
expression in living organisms. Urine is an ideal medium for study as it is readily available …

During the past few years, proteomics has been extensively applied to various fields of
medicine including nephrology. Current applications of renal and urinary proteomics are to …