The vesicating agents sulfur mustard (SM) and lewisite (LEW) are potent chemical warfare
agents that primarily cause damage to the ocular, skin, and respiratory systems. However …

Vesicating agent, Sulfur mustard (SM), causes devastating eye injury; however, there are no
effective antidotes available. Using nitrogen mustard (NM), a bi-functional analog of SM, we …

There are no effective and approved therapies against devastating ocular injuries caused by
vesicating chemical agents sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM). Herein, studies …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the consequences of sulfur mustard (SM)
exposure to the eyes and their treatments. Corneal SM exposure causes injuries that range …

Vesicants, from vesica (Latin for blister), can cause local and systemic toxicity. They include
the chemotherapy drug nitrogen mustard and chemical warfare agents sulfur mustard …

Purpose: The goals of this study were (1) to compare the injury at the basement membrane
zone (BMZ) of rabbit corneal organ cultures exposed to half mustard (2 chloroethyl ethyl …

Lewisite (LEW), a potent arsenical vesicating chemical warfare agent, poses a continuous
risk of accidental exposure in addition to its feared use as a terrorist weapon. Ocular tissue is …

Chemical agents have been utilized for centuries in warfare and pose a health threat to
civilians and military personnel during armed conflict. Despite treaties and regulations …

Ocular injury by lewisite (LEW), a potential chemical warfare and terrorist agent, results in
edema of eyelids, inflammation, massive corneal necrosis and blindness. To enable …

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a notorious, bifunctional alkylating vesicant that was first used in
warfare during World War I in 1917 and since then has been deployed in numerous …