Background: Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead are associated with cardiovascular
disease in epidemiologic research. These associations may be mediated by direct effects of …

Exposure to metal pollution can be caused from inhalation, ingestion, or absorption from air,
water, or food. Chronic exposure to trace amounts of metals can lead to high blood pressure …

Background Hypertension-related disease burden is a major challenge globally, with an
estimated 1.56 billion adults expected to be affected by hypertension by 2025 …

This systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the reliability of toenail
total arsenic concentrations (thereafter “arsenic”) as a biomarker of long-term exposure …

Background Previous studies have suggested that exposures to heavy metals (arsenic,
cadmium, lead, and selenium) may be associated with differences in blood pressure …

Toenails have been used as biomarkers of exposure to toxic metals, but their validity for this
purpose is not yet clear and might differ depending on the specific agent. To evaluate this …

Published systematic reviews concluded that there is moderate to strong evidence to infer a
potential role of lead and cadmium, widespread environmental metals, as cardiovascular …

Inconsistencies are noted regarding the association between cadmium exposure and blood
pressure/hypertension and the interaction between cadmium and body mass index (BMI) …

Health problems associated with essential trace metals can result from both inadequate (ie,
low intake) and excessive exposures (ie, from environmental and/or occupational source) …

Occupational exposure to metals can have an adverse effect on the cardiovascular system.
However, epidemiological studies of the associations of metals expose with hypertension …