Responding appropriately to changing conditions is crucial in dynamic environments.
Individual variation in the flexibility of physiological mediators of phenotype may influence …

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many
questions remain unanswered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under …

There is growing interest in studying hormones beyond single 'snapshot'measurements, as
recognition that individual variation in the endocrine response to environmental change may …

Explaining how populations adapt to environments is among the foremost objectives of
evolutionary theory. Over generations, natural selection impels the phenotypic distribution of …

Hormones are chemical signaling molecules that regulate patterns of cellular physiology
and gene expression underlying phenotypic traits. Hormone-signaling pathways respond to …

Phenotypic plasticity is the extent to which an organism can change its physiology,
behaviour, morphology and/or development in response to environmental cues …

Global climate change has increased average environmental temperatures world-wide,
simultaneously intensifying temperature variability and extremes. Growing numbers of …

Behavior of wild vertebrate individuals can vary in response to environmental or social
factors. Such within-individual behavioral variation is often mediated by hormonal …

Twenty years ago, Albert Bennett published a paper in the influential book New directions in
ecological physiology arguing that individual variation was an 'underutilized resource'. In …

Hormones are highly responsive internal signals that help organisms adjust their phenotype
to fluctuations in environmental and internal conditions. Our knowledge of the causes and …