Dopaminergic cell loss due to the accumulation of α-syn is a core feature of the
pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. Neuroinflammation specifically induced by α-synuclein …

Approximately ten million people are diagnosed with dementia annually since they
experience difficulties with memory and thinking skills. Since neurodegenerative diseases …

The innate immune system and inflammatory response in the brain have critical impacts on
the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

Malformed α-Synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in neurons are released into the extracellular
space, activating microglia to induce chronic neuroinflammation that further enhances …

Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the central nervous system (CNS) is a core
feature of Parkinson disease (PD) that leads to activation of the innate immune system …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that is characterized by demyelination and
axonal damage in the central nervous system. Cognitive deficits are recognized as one of …

Innate immunity and inflammatory response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). As the major resident immune cells in the brain, microglial cells …

Background Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) contribute to both familial
and idiopathic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuroinflammation is a key event in …

Background The protein alpha-synuclein (α-SYN), which is found in the Lewy bodies of
dopamine-producing (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), has an important role in the …

Accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain is a core feature of Parkinson disease (PD)
and leads to microglial activation, production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, T …