Damage can be signalled by extracellular ATP (eATP) using plasma membrane (PM)
receptors to effect cytosolic free calcium ion ([Ca2+] cyt) increase as a second messenger …

In plants dehydration imposed by salinity can invoke physical changes at the interface of the
plasma membrane and cell wall. Changes in hydrostatic pressure activate ion channels and …

An NAC‐type transcription factor gene AtNAC2 was identified from Arabidopsis thaliana
when expression patterns of the genes from a microarray analysis were examined. The …

The calcium-sensing receptor (CAS), as a chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein, is
involved in the process of external Ca 2+-induced cytosolic Ca 2+ increase in plants …

Salinity tolerance is correlated with shoot chloride (Cl–) exclusion in multiple crops, but the
molecular mechanisms of long-distance Cl–transport are poorly defined. Here, we …

Calcium acts as a universal second messenger in both developmental processes and
responses to environmental stresses. Previous research has shown that a number of stimuli …

Background Ca 2+, a versatile intracellular second messenger in various signaling
pathways, initiates many responses involved in growth, defense and tolerance to biotic and …

Fig. 1. A hypothetical model of salt stress signal perception, transduction and regulation of
effectors that mediate Na+ homeostasis based upon evidence from plants and yeast19. Salt …

Calcium ion transporting systems control cytosol Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+] cyt) and generate
transient calcium (Ca2+) signatures that are key to environmental responses. Here, we …

Background Roots are an attractive system for genomic and post-genomic studies of NaCl
responses, due to their primary importance to agriculture, and because of their relative …