Type 2 (T2) inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-
13, along with other inflammatory mediators, lead to increased cellular eosinophilic …

Asthma is a complex respiratory disorder characterized by marked heterogeneity in
individual patient disease triggers and response to therapy. Several asthma phenotypes …

Background With the introduction of different targeted therapies for type 2 (T2)-high asthma,
there is an urgent need for markers to guide the choice of treatment. T2-high asthma …

Although the term “asthma” has been applied to all patients with airway lability and variable
chest symptoms for centuries, phenotypes of asthma with distinct clinical and molecular …

Non‐T2 asthma is traditionally defined as asthma without features of T2 asthma. The
definition is arbitrary and is generally based on the presence of neutrophils in sputum, or the …

Patients with severe asthma have asthma symptoms that are difficult to control, require high
dosages of medication, and continue to experience persistent symptoms, asthma …

Asthma pathogenesis is characterized by two major endotypes, a T2-high featuring
increased eosinophilic airway inflammation, and a T2-low endotype presenting with either …

Currently, and based on the development of relevant biologic therapies, T2-high is the most
well-defined endotype of asthma. Although much progress has been made in elucidating T2 …

Despite advances in the identification and utilization of asthma biomarkers, further studies
are needed to better clarify the role of biomarkers, individually or in combination, in the …

Rationale: T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation, mediated by IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, is
considered the central molecular mechanism underlying asthma, and Th2 cytokines are …