Combined hormonal contraception containing estrogen and progestogen and
postmenopausal hormone therapy with estrogen±progestogen are reported risk factors for …

Recently large, prospective, randomized studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
have indicated that the progestin use might interfere with hemostasis and thus increase …

Epidemiological studies suggest that estrogens may have opposite effects on vessels:
estrogens used for contraception are known to increase both arterial and venous risk, while …

Hundreds of millions of women worldwide use either oral contraceptives or postmenopausal
hormone replacement. The use of oral contraceptives leads to an increased risk of venous …

There is now compelling evidence that use of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal
hormonal therapies containing various estrogens is associated with a weak, but clinically …

Epidemiological data suggested an involvement of the progestogen component in the
pathomechanism of venous and arterial diseases during intake of oral contraceptives. The …

The effect of progestin-only therapy on the haemostatic system has mainly been studied in
premenopausal women. Although these studies are difficult to compare, most authors agree …

The development of oral contraceptives (OCs) began in 1921 and continued in the following
years until the first regulatory approval from the Food and Drug Administration was granted …

Introduction: The pharmacodynamic effects of various combined oral estrogen-progestin
combinations (COC) are examined for their components alone or in the various combined …

PIP: Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (OCs) have been shown in numerous
studies to increase the risk of venous thromboembolic disease, myocardial infarction, and …