Inflammation is a key process in metazoan organisms due to its relevance for innate defense
against infections and tissue damage. However, inflammation is also implicated in …

Atherosclerosis is a complex pathology that involves both metabolic dysfunction and chronic
inflammatory process. During the last decade, a considerable progress was achieved in …

Mitochondria are often regarded as the powerhouse of the cell by generating the ultimate
energy transfer molecule, ATP, which is required for a multitude of cellular processes …

Macrophages are pivotal in the initiation and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular
diseases. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of mitochondria in metabolic and …

Traditionally, the mitochondria have been viewed as the cell's powerhouse, producing
energy in the form of ATP. As a byproduct of ATP formation, the mitochondrial electron …

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial inflammatory pathology that involves metabolic processes.
Improvements in therapy have drastically reduced the prognosis of cardiovascular disease …

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are observed in chronic human diseases such
as obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a wide range of chronic human disorders,
including atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that …

Chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under pathophysiologic
conditions forms an integral part of the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and …

In the first part of this review, we summarize basic mitochondrial bioenergetics concepts
showing that mitochondria are critical regulators of cell life and death. Until a few decades …