Background: Proteins generally enter or exit the nucleus as cargo of one of a small family of
import and export receptors. These receptors bear distant homology to importin β, a subunit …

The importin α/β heterodimer targets hundreds of proteins to the nuclear-pore complex
(NPC) and facilitates their translocation across the nuclear envelope. Importin α binds to …

Many nuclear proteins are imported into the cell nucleus by the “classical” nuclear
localization signal (NLS)-mediated import pathway. In this pathway, a sequence rich in basic …

Active transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm involves primarily three classes of
macromolecules: substrates, adaptors, and receptors. Some transport substrates bind …

In recent years, our understanding of macromolecular transport processes across the
nuclear envelope has grown dramatically, and a large number of soluble transport receptors …

Active transport between nucleus and cytoplasm proceeds through nuclear pore complexes
(NPCs) and is mediated largely by shuttling transport receptors that use direct RanGTP …

The transport of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is fundamental for gene
expression. The different RNA species that are produced in the nucleus are exported …

The importin‐alpha/beta heterodimer and the GTPase Ran play key roles in nuclear protein
import. Importin binds the nuclear localization signal (NLS). Translocation of the resulting …

Export of protein-coding and non-coding RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
is critical for gene expression. This necessitates the continuous transport of RNA species of …

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines the nucleocytoplasmic transport. The cell nucleus
is the most prominent cellular organelle and the defining feature of the eukaryotic branch of …