Aside from its function as the “blueprint of life” that encodes genetic information, DNA can
have direct immune activities. The immune system has evolved a defense mechanism that is …

Vertebrate immune systems have evolved the ability to detect and be activated by most
microbial and viral DNAs by virtue of their content of unmethylated 'CpG motifs', which are …

Certain vertebrate immune cells have evolved receptors that detect the presence of
pathogen DNA based on its content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base …

The immune system appears to have evolved a mechanism to detect prokaryotic nucleic
acids based on their content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts …

Bacterial DNA and oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNA)
can stimulate immune responses and have potential for use as novel agents to enhance …

The observation that oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNA)
exhibit several immunological effects has led to their use as therapeutic agents and …

Bacterial DNA, in contrast to vertebrate DNA, has the capacity to act as a potent immune
stimulator (Tokunaga et al. 1984; Messina et al. 1991; Yamamoto et al. 1992b). This is now …

Several types of immune cells possess pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that can
distinguish prokaryotic DNA from vertebrate DNA by detecting unmethylated CpG …

The genomes of bacterial and viral DNA contain a much higher frequency of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides than those of vertebrates. This difference in genome structure allows the …

The mammalian immune system has evolved mechanisms to recognize and respond to
'danger'signals arising from pathogens. Among those danger signals are the unmethylated …