Transition metals such as Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn are essential minerals for normal plant growth
and development, although they can be toxic when present in excess. Thus, for healthy plant …

Plant growth and metabolisms are regulated by some heavy metals found in Earth's crust
because they are active constituents of various enzymes. However, their increased …

Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to tightly control the acquisition and
distribution of copper and iron in response to environmental fluctuations. Recent studies with …

Some plants can hyperaccumulate metal ions that are toxic to virtually all other organisms at
low dosages. This trait could be used to clean up metal-contaminated soils. Moreover, the …

Compared to other organisms, plants have expanded families of transporters that are
involved in the uptake and efflux of metals. Fortunately, in many cases, the examination of …

The handling of trace elements by plants plays a fundamental role in food security and
safety. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanisms that govern metal ion …

Heavy metals are required in plants as essential micronutrients or act as toxic compounds.
How do plants perceive heavy metals and which signalling cascades are triggered leading …

Heavy metal toxicity is one of the major concerns for agriculture and health. Accumulation of
toxic heavy metals at high concentrations in edible parts of crop plants is the primary cause …

Metal-tolerance proteins (MTPs) are divalent cation transporters that have been shown to be
essential for metal homeostasis and tolerance in model plants and hyperaccumulators. Due …

Plants have developed finely tuned mechanisms to efficiently acquire and balance the
concentrations of essential metal micronutrients including iron, zinc, copper, and …