Synthetic oligonucleotide ligands that bind to toll-like receptors are known to modulate the
immune response via the activation of antigen presenting cells, and were therefore …

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are promising immunomodulatory agents for treating
human diseases and vaccine development. Phosphodiester CpG ODNs were demonstrated …

For optimal stimulation of T cells, protein-based vaccines must deliver protein antigens to
antigen-presenting cells while simultaneously providing immunostimulatory signals …

Bacterial DNA contains immunostimulatory CpG motifs that interact with toll-like receptor 9
on immune cells to stimulate the production of cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins …

Vertebrate toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense invading pathogens by recognizing bacterial and
viral structures and, as a result, activate innate and adaptive immune responses. Ten human …

Synthetic immunostimulatory nucleic acids such as CpG DNA are being harnessed
therapeutically as vaccine adjuvants, anticancer or antiallergic agents. Efforts to identify …

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides act as agonists
of TLR9 and induce Th1-type immune responses. In the present study, we synthesized CpG …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) bearing CpG dinucleotides can mimic the
immunostimulatory effects of bacterial DNA in vertebrates. Besides the known CpG motifs …

Unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosin dinucleotide (CpG)-containing
oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been well characterized as agonists for Toll-like …

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) that contain unmethylated CpG dinucleotides trigger a strong
innate immune response in vertebrates. CpG ODN show promise as vaccine adjuvants, anti …