Objectives To evaluate the presence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)
and cerebral venous anomalies in a consecutive series of patients with multiple sclerosis …

The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still largely unknown and it has been proposed that
an impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system, defined as chronic …

Objectives: We designed a prospective case-control study of patients with clinically isolated
syndrome (CIS) and Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) with an Expanded …

Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular condition
characterized by anomalies of the primary veins outside the skull that has been reported to …

Objectives: A chronic state of impaired cerebral and cervical venous drainage, termed
chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has recently been implicated in the …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a term used to describe impaired
venous drainage from the central nervous system (CNS) caused by abnormalities in …

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was recently described in
patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A subject is considered CCSVI positive if≥ 2 venous …

Objective Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been implicated in the
pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought to determine whether …

Aim. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is associated with multiple
sclerosis (MS). CCSVI is detected by transcranial and extracranial color-Doppler …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …