STEVEN M. SOUTHWICK, MD; RACHEL YEHUDA, PhD; and SHEILA WANG, PhD| notably
the amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and prefrontal cortex, in order to maximize …

This chapter focuses on the neuroendocrinology of% PTSD%, and specifically on
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis alterations, as a way of examining biologic …

In 1980, the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was established to describe
the long-lasting symptoms that can occur following exposure to extremely stressful life …

Since posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was first recognized as a psychiatric disorder, it
has generated a great deal of scientific interest. Recent studies on the neurobiology of PTSD …

Since World War I, numerous clinicians and researchers have described signs and
symptoms of sympathetic nervous system dysregulation in combat veterans who suffer from …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the few psychiatric conditions where a
specific psychosocial stressor is explicitly tied to etiology. Although a majority of people …

Discusses the effects of severe stress in early part of life on the brain and glandular systems
that govern stress responses. Mechanism of action of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) …

This paper follows the preclinical work on the effects of stress on neurobiological and
neuroendocrine systems and provides a comprehensive working model for understanding …

Post-traumatic stress disorder has frequently been found associated with alterations in
endogenous stress hormone systems, for example the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis …

Dysregulation of the stress system, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis
and the locus caeruleus/norepinephrine–sympathetic nervous system (SNS), is involved in …