Neuroinflammation is an escalation factor shared by a vast range of central nervous system
(CNS) pathologies, from neurodegenerative diseases to neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS …

During multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the
central nervous system (CNS), symptoms, and outcomes are determined by the location of …

Spinal astrocytes have important mechanistic contributions to the initiation and maintenance
of neurodegenerative diseases and chronic pain. Under inflammatory conditions, spinal …

Astrocytes are crucial regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses in the injured
central nervous system. Depending on timing and context, astrocyte activity may exacerbate …

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by tissue atrophy involving the brain and the spinal cord,
where reactive inflammation contributes to the neurodegenerative processes. Recently, the …

Glia plays an active role in neuronal functions and dysfunctions, some of which depend on
the expression of astrocyte connexins, the gap junction channel and hemichannel proteins …

Background Synaptic dysfunction, named synaptopathy, due to inflammatory status of the
central nervous system (CNS) is a recognized factor potentially underlying both motor and …

Astrocytes have a role in maintaining normal neuronal functions, some of which depend on
connexins, protein subunits of gap junction channels and hemichannels. Under …

Astrocytes express high levels of connexin43, a protein that forms two types of channels:
gap junction channels for direct intercellular communication, and hemichannels for …

TLR4 and Cx43 signaling in dorsal spinal cord has been shown to be involved in the
development of neuropathic pain. However, it is not clear whether TLR4 signaling is …