Agreement studies are of paramount importance in various scientific domains. When several
observers classify objects on categorical scales, agreement can be quantified through …

Reliability and agreement are two notions of paramount importance in medical and
behavioral sciences. They provide information about the quality of the measurements. When …

Inter-rater agreement measures are used to estimate the degree of agreement between two
or more assessors. When the agreement table is ordinal, different weight functions that …

Assessing the inter-rater agreement between observers, in the case of ordinal variables, is
an important issue in both the statistical theory and biomedical applications. Typically, this …

The measurement of intra-observer agreement when the data are categorical has been the
subject of several investigators since Cohen first proposed the kappa (κ) as a chance …

Objectives: When two raters consider a qualitative variable ordered according to three
categories, the qualitative agreement is commonly assessed with a symmetrically weighted …

Agreement Statistics: Kappa Coefficients in Medical Research Page 1 1.3 Agreement Statistics
TUTORIAL IN BIOSTATISTICS Kappa coe cients in medical research Helena Chmura …

Several authors have noted the dependence of kappa measures of inter‐rater agreement on
the marginal distributions of contingency tables displaying the joint ratings. This paper …

When studying the degree of overall agreement between the nominal responses of two
raters, it is customary to use the coefficient kappa. A more detailed analysis requires the …

Published results on the use of the kappa coefficient of agreement have traditionally been
concerned with situations where a large number of subjects is classified by a small group of …