The identification and characterization of mammalian core promoters and transcription start
sites is a prerequisite to understanding how RNA polymerase II transcription is controlled …

Highly parallel experimental biology is offering opportunities to not just accomplish work
more easily, but to explore for underlying governing principles. Recent analysis of the large …

Eukaryotic promoter regions are frequently divergently transcribed in vivo, but it is unknown
whether the resultant antisense RNAs are a mechanistic by-product of RNA polymerase II …

Functional assays in Drosophila melanogaster with orthologous transcription factors from
other species suggest that changes in the protein-coding sequence may play a larger role in …

The relationship between protein and regulatory sequence evolution is a central question in
molecular evolution. It is currently not known to what extent changes in gene expression are …

A complex network of regulatory controls governs the patterns of gene expression. Enabled
by the tools of molecular cloning, initial experimental queries into the gene regulatory …

Because a large number of molecular mechanisms involved in gene regulation have been
described during the last decades, it is now becoming possible to address questions about …

Our knowledge of the mechanisms that specify and propagate epigenetic states of gene
expression is expanding rapidly; however, the significance of variation in epigenetic states …

The Special Feature on gene reg-ulatory networks in this issue of PNAS highlights an
emerging field in the biosciences: gene regulatory networks that control animal …

Evolution of gene regulation is crucial for our understanding of the phenotypic differences
between species, populations and individuals. Sequence-specific binding of transcription …