Metabolic products can lead to crucial biological function alterations. Itaconate is probably
the best example of how a metabolic process can be diverted to generate an …

With advances in immunometabolic studies, more and more evidence has shown that
metabolic changes profoundly affect the immune function of macrophages. The tricarboxylic …

The field of immunology is undergoing rapid and dramatic changes. Immunometabolism, a
change in metabolic pathways within immune cells, is a key determinant in the activation of …

Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity as the first line of defense against
pathogen infection. Upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages rapidly respond …

Endogenous small molecules are metabolic regulators of cell function. Itaconate is a key
molecule that accumulates in cells when the Krebs cycle is disrupted. Itaconate is derived …

Itaconate is an immunomodulatory metabolite produced by immune cells under microbial
stimulation and certain pro-inflammatory conditions and triggers antioxidant and anti …

Metabolites have recently been found to be involved in significant biological regulation and
changes. Itaconate, an important intermediate metabolite isolated from the tricarboxylic acid …

The field of immunometabolism has demonstrated that metabolites can lead double lives as
immunomodulators. Itaconate is perhaps the best example of such a moonlighting molecule …

Macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli including LPS undergo metabolic
reprogramming to facilitate macrophage effector function. This metabolic reprogramming …

Itaconate is a mitochondrial metabolite, produced in high amounts by macrophages and
monocytes of mice and humans upon activation by several inflammatory stimuli. In 2013, the …