Recently developed computational techniques have been used to reduce muscle activation
patterns of high complexity to a simple synergy organization and to bring new insights to the …

Neuromechanics seeks to understand how muscles, sense organs, motor pattern
generators, and brain interact to produce coordinated movement, not only in complex terrain …

The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels of the nervous system from cortex to
the spinal cord. Here, we aim to cover all main aspects of this complex behavior, from the …

People and animals produce adaptive locomotion in diverse environments by cooperatively
and skillfully manipulating their complicated and redundant musculoskeletal systems. To …

Locomotion results from intricate dynamic interactions between a central program and
feedback mechanisms. The central program relies fundamentally on a genetically …

Gravity affects the human body in numerous ways. This chapter reviews recent findings on
how the nervous system governs muscle forces to control upright posture and locomotion in …

The ability to generate and control locomotor movements depends on complex interactions
between many areas of the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, and the …

The human body has a complex shape requiring a control structure of matching complexity.
This involves keeping track of several body parts that are best represented in different …

In recent years, studies of nervous mechanisms for the control of body posture have been
performed on animal models of different complexity—cat, rabbit, lamprey and the mollusc …

6 Biological motor control can be characterized as a problem of con-7 trolling nonlinear,
unreliable systems whose states are monitored 8 with slow and sometimes low-quality …