Vaccination is one of the most efficient public healthcare measures to fight infectious
diseases. Nevertheless, the immune mechanisms induced in vivo by vaccination are still …

This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge about immune responses to vaccines
that correlate with protection. Although the immune system is redundant, almost all current …

There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In
this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors …

Effects of Infection on Natural Immunity Antigen-nonspecific host defenses are altered by
infections, with epigenetic changes in the effector cells of natural immunity. Some of these …

There are 2 major factors responsible for vaccine failures, the first is vaccine-related such as
failures in vaccine attenuation, vaccination regimes or administration. The other is host …

Background Epidemic influenza causes serious mortality and morbidity in temperate
countries each winter. Research suggests that schoolchildren are critical in the spread of …

Recent advances in the fields of immunology, genetics, molecular biology, bioinformatics,
and the Human Genome Project have allowed for the emergence of the field of vaccinomics …

Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is
hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical …

Immunization is a cornerstone of public health policy and is demonstrably highly cost-
effective when used to protect child health. Although it could be argued that immunology has …