BACKGROUND Tacrolimus (Tac) is a potent immunosuppressant with considerable toxicity.
Tac pharmacokinetics varies between individuals and thus complicates its use in preventing …

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the 2 calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs),
tacrolimus (TAC) and cyclosporin A, has resulted in improvements in the management of …

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), including tacrolimus and cyclosporine, are immune‐
modulating agents used in autoimmune disorders, glomerulonephritides, and after …

Background. Cyclosporine (CsA) acts by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin (CN), but
the time course and extent of inhibition in vivo are unknown. We examined the effect of …

Background: In transplant patients, current cyclosporine (CsA) dose monitoring with classic
pharmacokinetics has demonstrated limitations. Evaluation of the activity of calcineurin (CN) …

Abstract Between 10%–28% of patients who receive the immuno‐suppressant cyclosporine
(CsA) experience some form of neurotoxic adverse event. Both sensorial motoric functions …

The potential of metabolites to contribute to drug–drug interactions (DDIs) is not well
defined. The aim of this study was to determine the quantitative role of circulating …

Tacrolimus is known to potentially lead to adverse events in recipients with diarrhoea and/or
calcium channel blocker (CCB) co-administration. We report a renal transplant recipient who …

The clinical use of the immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine is limited by its
nephrotoxicity. This is enhanced when combined with the immunosuppressive mTOR …

We have compared the pharmacodynamic properties of calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and
cyclosporin A in rats to clarify the different therapeutic drug monitoring strategy of both drugs …