Cellular machineries guide the bottom-up pathways toward crystal superstructures based on
the transport of inorganic precursors and their precise integration with organic frameworks …

Biogenic mineralization processes are generally regulated by soluble additives and
insoluble matrices. This endows precise control over the different stages of mineralization …

Biomineralized structures are complex functional hierarchical assemblies composed of
biomineral building blocks joined together by an organic phase. The formation of individual …

Biomineral formation is critical to biological functions of living organisms. For this reason, the
synthesis of complex organic-inorganic composites that typify mineralized tissue such as …

Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms orchestrate the synthesis and
organization of minerals (biominerals), and it may be viewed as an ancient process for …

Biomineralization is an attractive pathway to produce mineral-based biomaterials with high
performance and hierarchical structures. To date, the biomineralization process and …

Biominerals are extraordinary materials that provide organisms with a variety of functions to
support life. The synthesis of biominerals and organization at the macroscopic level is a …

At least since the explosion of diversity that life experienced about 540 million years ago,
multicellular organisms have constantly been exploring different pathways to use minerals …

Biominerals are typically indispensable structures for their host organism in which they serve
varying functions, such as mechanical support and protection, mineral storage, detoxification …

The systematic fabrication of organized materials will require the 'synthesis-with-
construction'of architectures over scales ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic. This …