The innate immune system is essential for host defense and is responsible for early
detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Upon recognition of microbes by innate …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best-characterized membrane-bound receptors in innate
immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells. Upon recognition of specific …

The innate immune system is an evolutionarily conserved system of defense against
microbial infections. The family of Toll-like receptors is a major class of receptors that sense …

Detection of and response to microbial infections by the immune system depends largely on
a family of pattern-recognition receptors called Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These receptors …

Toll-like receptors are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that evolved to detect
microbial infection. These receptors recognize conserved molecular products derived from …

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology Skip to main page
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of effective innate immunity. As such,
pathogenic microorganisms must evade recognition by TLRs, manipulate the consequences …

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family provide key components of mammalian immunity and are
part of the earliest surveillance mechanisms responding to infection. Their activation triggers …

Innate immunity is an evolutionarily ancient system that provides multicellular organisms
with immediately available defense mechanisms against a wide variety of pathogens without …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors that
constitute the first line of defense system against microbes. They can recognize both …