Spectroscopic studies on heterogeneous catalysts have mostly been done in an integral
mode. However, in many cases spatial variations in catalyst structure can occur, eg during …

X-Ray microscopic techniques are excellent and presently emerging techniques for
chemical imaging of heterogeneous catalysts. Spatially resolved studies in heterogeneous …

Heterogeneous catalysts often consist of an active metal (oxide) in close contact with a
support material and various promoter elements. Although macroscopic properties, such as …

Structure–activity correlations of solid catalysts and time-resolved studies generally require
that the structure within a solid catalyst is probed simultaneously and at the same location …

Soft X-ray absorption in situ studies of heterogeneous catalysts have been applied to areas
such as copper methanol oxidation catalysts and cobalt Fischer–Tropsch type catalysts over …

The merits of employing combined in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray
diffractometry (XRD) are described by reference to a number of examples, which …

New plug-flow cells suitable for the X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study of
heterogeneous catalysts by transmission and fluorescence detection modes are described …

X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is one of the powerful operando tools to track
structural variations in heterogeneous catalysts. The nature of active sites in catalyst …

The combination of complementary techniques in the characterization of catalysts under
working conditions is a very powerful tool for an accurate and in-depth comprehension of the …

X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful method for probing the average local
electronic and geometric structures of catalysts in the working state. Element‐specific data …