The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle of eukaryotic cells. Its main
functions include protein synthesis, proper protein folding, protein modification, and the …

Significance: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle for the folding and
trafficking of proteins, which is highly sensitive to changes in intracellular homeostasis and …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle of fundamental importance
present in all eukaryotic cells. The majority of synthesized structural and secreted proteins …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates an adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR)
that facilitates cellular repair, however, under prolonged ER stress, the UPR can ultimately …

Increasing evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the adaptive
unfolded protein response (UPR), but that beyond a certain degree of ER damage, this …

Cellular stress, induced by external or internal cues, activates several well-orchestrated
processes aimed at either restoring cellular homeostasis or committing to cell death. Those …

The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress response constitutes a cellular process that is
triggered by a variety of conditions that disturb folding of proteins in the ER. Eukaryotic cells …

In homeostasis, cellular processes are in a dynamic equilibrium. Perturbation of
homeostasis causes stress. In this review I summarize how perturbation of three major …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary site for synthesis and folding of secreted and
membrane-bound proteins. Proteins are translocated into ER lumen in an unfolded state …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first
compartment of the secretory pathway. As such, the ER contributes to the production and …