Inability to meet protein folding demands within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the
unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway with both adaptive and apoptotic …

Stress pathways monitor intracellular systems and deploy a range of regulatory mechanisms
in response to stress. One of the best-characterized pathways, the UPR (unfolded protein …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for normal cell function and
homeostasis. Disturbance in the protein folding process in the ER, termed ER stress, leads …

The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a separate intracellular compartment
with a special proteome and metabolome. The redox conditions of the organelle are also …

The efficient functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for most cellular
activities and survival. Conditions that interfere with ER function lead to the accumulation …

Protein misfolding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is accompanied by adaptive cellular
responses to promote cell survival. We now show that activation of mitochondrial respiration …

Increased demand on the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
engages an adaptive reaction known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle within which protein folding,
lipid biosynthesis, and calcium storage occurs. Perturbations such as energy or nutrient …

Cells use an exquisite network of mechanisms to maintain the integrity and functionality of
their protein components. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), these networks of protein …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle required for lipid biosynthesis,
calcium storage, and protein folding and processing. A number of physiological and …