Abstract Analysis of spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity in human cancers has
revealed that somatic cancer evolution in most cancers is not a simple linear process …

To a large extent, cancer conforms to evolutionary rules defined by the rates at which clones
mutate, adapt and grow. Next-generation sequencing has provided a snapshot of the …

Tumor genetic heterogeneity, in which individual tumors contain both multiple variant cancer-
associated and normal genes, has been widely reported, although its significance has yet to …

Over the last 2 years, there have been an unprecedented number of publications focused on
cancer evolutionary processes in solid and haematological cancers, a trend that is set to …

The importance of the chromosome versus the gene as a causative agent in cancer
formation has sparked a heated debate. This issue is directly related to two different schools …

Cancer results from the acquisition of somatic alterations in a microevolutionary process that
typically occurs over many years, much of which is occult. Understanding the evolutionary …

Intratumor heterogeneity has been widely reported in human cancers, but our knowledge of
how this genetic diversity emerges over time remains limited. A central challenge in studying …

Genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity (the main form of non‐genetic heterogeneity) are key
elements in cancer progression and drug resistance, as they provide needed population …

Advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have led to an unprecedented
view of the cancer genome and its evolution. Genomic studies have demonstrated the …

Our knowledge of the morphological heterogeneity of cancer has recently been augmented
by the genomic heterogeneity revealed by the use of next-generation sequencing …