In response to infection or effective vaccination, naive antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells
undergo a dramatic highly orchestrated activation process. Initial encounter with an …

Vaccines, arguably the single most important intervention in improving human health, have
exploited the phenomenon of immunological memory. The elicitation of memory T cells is …

CD8+ T cell immunological memory of past antigen exposure can confer long-lived
protection against infections or tumors. The fact that CD8+ memory T cells can have features …

Abstract Naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells undergo unique developmental programs after
activation, resulting in the generation of effector and long-lived memory T cells. Recent …

The developmental pathways of long-lived memory CD8 T cells and the lineage relationship
between memory T cell subsets remain controversial. Although some studies indicate the …

Highlights•The effector and memory CD8+ T cell populations exhibit significant
heterogeneity.•Effector and memory T cell subsets exist in 'states' and retain some degree of …

In response to acute infections or vaccines, naive antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells proliferate
and differentiate into effector cytotoxic lymphocytes that acquire the ability to kill infected …

Immunological memory is a cardinal feature of adaptive immunity. We are now beginning to
elucidate the mechanisms that govern the formation of memory T cells and their ability to …

CD8+ T cells (also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes) play a major role in protective immunity
against many infectious pathogens and can eradicate malignant cells. The path from naive …

During an infection, T cells can differentiate into multiple types of effector and memory T
cells, which help to mediate pathogen clearance and provide long-term protective immunity …