Cellular messenger RNA levels are achieved by the combinatorial complexity of factors
controlling transcription, yet the small number of molecules involved in these pathways …

We imaged transcription in living cells using a locus-specific reporter system, which allowed
precise, single-cell kinetic measurements of promoter binding, initiation and elongation …

Using an optical-trap/flow-control video microscopy technique, we followed transcription by
single molecules of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in real time over long template …

Transcription elongation is responsible for rapid synthesis of RNA chains of thousands of
nucleotides in vivo. In contrast, a single round of transcription performed in vitro is frequently …

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) must overcome the barriers imposed by nucleosomes during
transcription elongation. We have developed an optical tweezers assay to follow individual …

For gene regulation, some transcriptional activators bind periodically to promoters with
either a fast (∼ 1 minute) or a slow (∼ 15 to 90 minutes) cycle. It is uncertain whether the …

Recent studies of transcription have revealed a level of complexity not previously
appreciated even a few years ago, both in the intricate use of post-initiation control and the …

During transcription of protein-coding genes, bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) is closely
followed by a ribosome that translates the newly synthesized transcript. Our in vivo …

Although messenger RNA (mRNA) translation is a fundamental biological process, it has
never been imaged in real time in vivo with single-molecule precision. To achieve this, we …

Transcription is reported to be spatially compartmentalized in nuclear transcription factories
with clusters of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). However, little is known about when these foci …