Background For the first time, the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provide
specific guidance regarding the types of foods and beverages that should be offered in the …

Breastfeeding is best for infants, but quantitative associations between specific milk
components and infant biomarkers remain unclear. Methodological limitations include …

Background Maternal characteristics may be associated with human milk macronutrients but
no definite conclusions have been made to date. Aim This study aimed to determine the …

Literature describing dietary intakes of lactating mothers in the United States (US) is limited
and none of the existing studies attempts to identify whether dietary shortcomings of …

Background Macronutrient composition of human milk differs by infant sex, but few studies
have examined sex differences in other milk components, or their potential modification by …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are non-digestible and structurally diverse complex
carbohydrates that are highly abundant in human milk. To date, more than 200 different …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have specific dose-dependent effects on child health
outcomes. The HMO profile differs across mothers and is largely dependent on gene …

Breast milk is the universal preferred nutrition for the newborn human infant. New mother
have been encouraged to exclusively breastfeed by health care professionals and …

Introduction Human milk (HM) is the optimal source of nutrition for infants and has been
implicated in multiple aspects of infant health. Although much of the existing literature has …

Background Human milk provides essential nutrition for infants, and its benefits are well
established. We lack data on the influence of maternal nutritional status on milk volume and …