Four‐dimensional (4D) radiotherapy is the explicit inclusion of the temporal changes in
anatomy during the imaging, planning, and delivery of radiotherapy. Temporal anatomic …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) radiotherapy is the explicit inclusion of the temporal
changes in anatomy during the imaging, planning and delivery of radiotherapy. Temporal …

Purpose: To describe approaches to four-dimensional (4D) treatment planning, including
acquisition of 4D-CT scans, target delineation of spatio-temporal image data sets, 4D dose …

Respiratory motion causes errors when planning and delivering radiotherapy treatment to
lung cancer patients. To reduce these errors, methods of acquiring and using four …

Respiratory organ motion has a significant impact on the planning and delivery of
radiotherapy (RT) treatment for lung cancer. Currently widespread techniques, such as 4D …

The modeling of respiratory motion is important for a more accurate understanding and
accounting of its effect on dose to cancers in the thorax and abdomen by radiotherapy. We …

Purpose: Four-dimensional (4D) respiration-correlated imaging techniques can be used to
obtain (respiration) artifact-free computed tomography (CT) images of the thorax. Current …

Four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) imaging technology has been developed
for radiation therapy to provide tumor and organ images at the different breathing phases. In …

Purpose: lower lobe lung tumors move with amplitudes of up to due to respiration. To reduce
respiration imaging artifacts in planning CT scans, 4D imaging techniques are used …

Respiratory motion degrades anatomic position reproducibility during imaging, necessitates
larger margins during radiotherapy planning and causes errors during radiation delivery …