The purpose of this study was to test a model of the leisure constraint negotiation process
proposed by Hubbard and Mannell. A multidimensional measure of physically active leisure …

Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between age, gender, leisure
constraint, leisure constraint negotiation, motivation, and physically active leisure for 271 …

Virtually all past leisure constraints research has been based on a conception of constraints
as insurmountable obstacles to leisure participation. Thus, it has typically been assumed …

This study extends the leisure constraints research. Specifically, the constraints-effects-
mitigation model is examined in the context of park visitors' leisure time physical activity …

High levels of constraint have been assumed to lead to restricted engagement in leisure
activities. In this study, data from a questionnaire survey conducted in Stoke-on-Trent …

Results from a Canadian questionnaire survey that investigated constraints to leisure
provide empirical evidence of the relative importance of various criterion variables (such as …

This paper reports two separate analyses based on interviews in which people talked about
the factors that shaped leisure within their everyday lives. In the first analysis, researchers …

This exploratory paper has three objectives:(1) to develop categories for variables related to
two key components of leisure constraints negotiation—problems encountered and …

The purpose of this article is to modify a conceptualization of leisure constraints offered by
Crawford and Godbey (1987). It is suggested that Crawford and Godbey's three discrete …

This study examined the possible existence of three distinct, hierarchically ordered
categories of constraints on leisure originally proposed by Crawford and Godbey (1987) and …