Aim To provide an overview of mechanisms underlying craniofacial pain; to highlight
peripheral and central adaptations that may promote chronification of pain in craniofacial …

Neuroplastic changes in the neuronal networks involving the trigeminal ganglion (TG),
trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) are …

Nociceptive stimulation has been considered to affect the expression of genes encoding
endogenous neuropeptides and their receptors. The effect of electric stimulation of the tooth …

Chronic orofacial pain includes multiple pain conditions of musculoskeletal, neurovascular,
nociplastic and neuropathic origin and is characterized as pain affecting the oral, head, face …

Capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves mediate triple actions: besides transmitting
sensory and pain signals to the central nervous system (afferent function), they also have …

Background.—Secretion of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal nerves
and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from parasympathetic nerves is involved in the …

Objective To assess associations of plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) with
chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) myalgia/arthralgia or frequent/chronic migraine …

Background Migraine and trigemino-autonomic cephalalgia attacks are associated with an
increase of α-calcitonin-gene related peptide levels in the ipsilateral jugular vein. It is …

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is implicated in the underlying
pathology of migraine by promoting the development of a sensitized state of primary and …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Migraine and other primary headache disorders can be
localized in the face resembling facial or dental pain, indicating the influence of the …