Recognition of intracellular pathogenic bacteria by members of the nucleotide-binding
domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family triggers immune responses against …

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome requires the expression of NLRP3, which is strictly
regulated by its capacity to directly recognize microbial-derived substances. Even though …

Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that assemble in response to infectious
or noxious stimuli and activate the CASPASE-1 protease. The inflammasome containing the …

When nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptors (NLRs) sense cytosolic-
invading bacteria, they induce the formation of inflammasomes and initiate an innate …

The inflammasome is an emerging new pathway in innate immune defense against
microbial infection or endogenous danger signals. The inflammasome stimulates activation …

Bacteria of the genus Shigella cause shigellosis, a severe gastrointestinal disease that is a
major cause of diarrhea-associated mortality in humans. Mice are highly resistant to Shigella …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative pathogen that uses two
distinct type III secretion systems (T3SSs), termed Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 …

Highlights•Mice express several different NAIPs, each recognizing a specific bacterial
ligand.•Humans express one functional NAIP, which broadly detects multiple bacterial …

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a foodborne pathogen that causes severe diseases,
such as endocarditis, sepsis, and bacteremia. As an important component of innate immune …

Infection of human macrophages with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.
Typhimurium) leads to inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are multiprotein …